Somnath Jyotirlinga – A Divine Spiritual Place in India

Introduction

On the shores of the Arabian Sea, where the waves rise and fall against ancient stone, stands one of the holiest temples in India: the Somnath Jyotirlinga. Located at Prabhas Patan near Veraval in Gujarat, Somnath is traditionally regarded as the first of the twelve Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva.

The name Somnath means "Lord of the Moon." According to legend, the Moon God himself worshipped Shiva here and was freed from a terrible curse. Over the centuries, the temple has been destroyed and rebuilt many times, and each time devotees raised it again with greater faith. That is why Somnath is often called the "Shrine Eternal", a living symbol of devotion that no force could ever erase.

Standing in the temple courtyard during the evening aarti, with the sound of conch shells and bells mixing with the roar of the sea, pilgrims often describe a feeling that words cannot capture. For every devotee of Mahadev, Somnath is not just a temple to visit, but a place to experience.

History of Somnath Jyotirlinga

Prabhas Patan, where Somnath stands, has been a sacred place since ancient times. It is mentioned in the Skanda Purana, the Shiva Purana, and the Mahabharata, and it is believed to be the place where Lord Krishna ended his earthly journey, which began at his birthplace, Shri Krishna Janmabhoomi in Mathura.

A well-known tradition says the temple was first built in gold by the Moon God (Soma), then in silver by Ravana, in wood by Lord Krishna, and finally in stone by King Bhimdev. Whatever its earliest form, Somnath grew into one of the richest and most famous temples in India.

That fame also made it a target. In 1026 CE, the temple was attacked and looted by Mahmud of Ghazni, and over the following centuries it was destroyed and rebuilt several times. In 1783, Queen Ahilyabai Holkar of Indore built a temple near the original site so that worship could continue. This temple, often called the Ahilyabai Temple or Old Somnath, is still active today.

After India's independence, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel resolved to rebuild the main temple on its original site. The pran pratishtha (consecration) of the new Jyotirlinga was performed in 1951 in the presence of Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India. Today, the temple is managed by the Shree Somnath Trust.

Mythological Significance of Somnath Jyotirlinga

The story of Somnath begins with Chandra, the Moon God. Chandra married the twenty-seven daughters of Daksha Prajapati, who are the twenty-seven nakshatras (lunar mansions). But Chandra loved only one of them, Rohini, and neglected the others.

Hurt by this injustice, the other daughters complained to their father. Daksha warned Chandra, but when Chandra did not change, Daksha cursed him to lose his radiance and slowly fade away.

As Chandra began to waste away, the whole world suffered, because plants, herbs, and living beings depend on the Moon's nourishing light. On the advice of Lord Brahma, Chandra came to Prabhas and performed deep penance to Lord Shiva, chanting the Mahamrityunjaya Mantra.

Pleased with his devotion, Shiva appeared before him. He could not fully remove Daksha's curse, but he softened it: Chandra would wane for one fortnight and wax again for the next. This, according to the legend, is why the Moon grows and shrinks every month. Shiva also placed the crescent Moon on his own head, and at Chandra's request, he remained here forever as a Jyotirlinga, worshipped as Somnath.

Because of this story, Somnath is especially revered by those seeking relief from suffering, recovery from illness, and the blessings of the Moon for peace of mind. In tradition, the Moon is also associated with the 2 Mukhi Rudraksha, the Pearl (Moti) gemstone, and the cooling Sphatik Mala, which devotees wear for emotional calm.

Architecture of Somnath Temple

The present Somnath temple is built in the Chalukya style of temple architecture, also known as the Kailash Mahameru Prasad style. Its tall shikhar (spire) rises about 150 feet and is topped by a large kalash and a saffron flag that flutters in the sea breeze.

The temple is made of light-coloured sandstone, and its walls, pillars, and ceilings are covered with intricate carvings of deities, dancers, and floral patterns. The structure is divided into the garbhagriha (sanctum), the sabha mandap (assembly hall), and the nritya mandap (dance hall).

One of the most remarkable features of the temple complex is the Baan Stambh (Arrow Pillar), which stands on the seawall. Its Sanskrit inscription states that there is no land in a straight line between this point and the South Pole, a sign of the deep geographical knowledge of ancient India.

Every evening, a sound and light show on the temple grounds narrates the history of Somnath, with the illuminated temple and the dark sea forming a breathtaking backdrop.

Religious Importance

As the first Jyotirlinga, Somnath holds a special place in Shaiva tradition. Many devotees begin their 12 Jyotirlinga yatra here, and a darshan at Somnath is believed to bring peace, health, and freedom from past sins.

After Somnath, pilgrims often continue to the other great Jyotirlingas, such as Mahakaleshwar in Ujjain, Omkareshwar on the Narmada, Kashi Vishwanath in Varanasi, and Kedarnath in the Himalayas.

The Somnath Aarti

Aarti is performed three times a day. The evening aarti is the most popular, when the temple glows with lamps and the chanting of mantras fills the air along with the sound of the waves. Arriving a little early is a good idea to find a comfortable place in the courtyard. Many devotees quietly chant Om Namah Shivaya on a 5 Mukhi Rudraksha Mala while waiting for the aarti to begin.

Major Festivals

• Mahashivratri: The biggest festival, with special pujas through the night.
• Shravan Month: Every day of Shravan, and especially every Monday, sees large crowds of devotees.
• Kartik Purnima Mela: A large traditional fair held near the temple around the full moon of Kartik.
• Somvati Amavasya: Considered especially auspicious for a holy dip at Triveni Sangam.
• Diwali and Dev Diwali: The temple is beautifully lit with lamps.

Somnath Temple Timings

Note: Timings may change during festivals and special occasions. Please check the official Shree Somnath Trust website before your visit.

Best Time to Visit Somnath Jyotirlinga

October to March

The winter months bring pleasant, breezy weather, making this the most comfortable time to explore the temple and nearby places.

Shravan Month

Spiritually the most powerful time to visit, especially on Mondays. Expect large crowds and plan your stay in advance.

Maha Shivaratri

The temple is beautifully decorated and special pujas continue through the night. It is a once-in-a-lifetime experience, but also the busiest day of the year.

Summer (April to June) can be hot and humid, and during the monsoon the sea is often rough, though the temple remains open throughout the year.

How to Reach Somnath Jyotirlinga

By Air

The nearest airports are Keshod (about 45 km, with limited flights), Diu (about 85 km), and Rajkot (about 190 km). Taxis are available from all three.

By Train

Veraval Junction, about 7 km from the temple, is the main railway station and is connected to Ahmedabad, Rajkot, and other major cities. Somnath also has its own small railway station close to the temple.

By Road

Somnath is well connected by road. Gujarat State Transport and private buses run regularly from Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Junagadh, Dwarka, and Diu.

Local Transport

Auto-rickshaws and taxis are easily available for visiting the temple and nearby sacred places.

Things to Remember Before Visiting

• Mobile phones, cameras, and electronic items are not allowed inside the temple. Lockers are available near the entrance.
• Leather items such as belts and wallets should not be carried inside.
• Wear modest, traditional clothing.
• Footwear must be removed and left at the designated counter.
• Expect security checks at the entrance and carry minimal belongings.
• Reach early for the evening aarti to get a good spot.
• Book accommodation in advance during Shravan, Mahashivratri, and holidays. The Somnath Trust also runs guest houses.
• Carry water and sun protection, as the coastal sun can be strong.
• Do not swim at the beach near the temple, as the sea currents can be dangerous.
• Keep the temple premises clean and respect local customs.
• If you wish to wear a Rudraksha during your yatra, buy a genuine, certified one. Our guide on how to identify authentic Rudraksha can help.

Nearby Places to Visit

Triveni Sangam

The sacred confluence of the Hiran, Kapila, and Saraswati rivers, where devotees take a holy dip before darshan.

Bhalka Tirth

The place where, according to tradition, Lord Krishna was struck by a hunter's arrow while resting under a tree.

Dehotsarg Tirth (Golok Dham)

Located on the banks of the Hiran River, this is believed to be the place where Lord Krishna left his earthly body.

Ahilyabai Temple (Old Somnath)

The temple built by Queen Ahilyabai Holkar in 1783, where worship continued for many years before the new temple was built.

Gita Mandir

A peaceful temple whose walls are engraved with verses from the Bhagavad Gita.

Panch Pandav Gufa

A cave temple associated with the Pandavas, who are believed to have stayed here during their exile.

Prabhas Patan Museum

Houses sculptures and remains from the earlier Somnath temples, giving a glimpse into its long history.

Somnath Beach

A beautiful spot to watch the sunset behind the temple. Enjoy the view, but avoid entering the water.

Gir National Park

About 45 km away, Gir is the only natural home of the Asiatic lion and makes a good side trip.

Nageshwar Jyotirlinga and Dwarka

Many pilgrims combine Somnath with a visit to Dwarka and the Nageshwar Jyotirlinga, completing both Gujarat Jyotirlingas in one trip. See our 12 Jyotirlinga yatra guide for region-wise travel circuits.

Interesting Facts About Somnath Jyotirlinga

• Somnath is traditionally regarded as the first of the twelve Jyotirlingas.
• The name means "Lord of the Moon," after the Moon God who worshipped Shiva here.
• The temple has been destroyed and rebuilt many times, earning it the name "Shrine Eternal."
• The present temple was consecrated in 1951 in the presence of Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
• The Baan Stambh inscription says there is no land in a straight line between Somnath and the South Pole.
• The legend of Somnath explains why the Moon waxes and wanes.
• Lord Krishna is believed to have left his earthly body near Somnath, at Dehotsarg.
• Queen Ahilyabai Holkar built a separate Somnath temple nearby in 1783.
• The temple is built in the Chalukya (Kailash Mahameru Prasad) style.
• Somnath sits at Prabhas Patan, near the confluence of three sacred rivers.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. Why is Somnath Jyotirlinga famous?

Somnath is traditionally regarded as the first of the twelve Jyotirlingas and is famous for its legend of the Moon God and its history of being rebuilt again and again.

2. Where is Somnath Jyotirlinga located?

It is located at Prabhas Patan, near Veraval, in the Gir Somnath district of Gujarat, on the coast of the Arabian Sea.

3. Is Somnath the first Jyotirlinga?

Yes. Somnath is the first Jyotirlinga named in the Dwadash Jyotirlinga Stotram, so it is traditionally counted as the first. See our complete guide to the 12 Jyotirlingas.

4. Are mobile phones allowed inside Somnath temple?

No. Mobile phones, cameras, and electronic items are not allowed inside. You can keep them in the lockers near the entrance.

5. What is the best time to visit Somnath?

October to March is the most comfortable season. Shravan and Mahashivratri are the most auspicious, though also the most crowded.

6. Is there a dress code at Somnath temple?

Modest, traditional clothing is recommended. Avoid shorts and revealing clothes.

7. How much time is needed for Somnath darshan?

Darshan usually takes one to two hours, but it can take longer on festivals and weekends. Plan a full day to also visit nearby places.

8. What is the Baan Stambh at Somnath?

It is an arrow pillar on the temple's seawall with an inscription stating that there is no land in a straight line between Somnath and the South Pole.

9. Which Jyotirlinga is closest to Somnath?

Nageshwar Jyotirlinga near Dwarka, also in Gujarat, is the closest. Many pilgrims visit both on the same trip. For the full list, see our 12 Jyotirlinga guide.

10. What does "Somnath" mean?

"Soma" means the Moon and "Nath" means Lord, so Somnath means "Lord of the Moon."

Conclusion

Somnath is a temple that has seen the worst of history and risen every time, carried by the faith of millions. Its story, from the Moon God's penance to its rebuilding after independence, reminds every devotee that true devotion cannot be destroyed.

If you are beginning your 12 Jyotirlinga yatra, there is no better place to start than the first Jyotirlinga, where the sea meets the sky and the Lord of the Moon has watched over his devotees for ages. Add Somnath to your pilgrimage list and experience its divine presence for yourself.

Jai Somnath! Har Har Mahadev! 🙏